canadian flying saucer

Canadian Flying Saucer - The Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar is a VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Canada as part of a secret US military project during the early years of the Cold War.

Avrocar was trying to use the Coandă effect to provide lift and thrust from a "turborotor" that ejects out the edge of a disc-shaped aircraft. In the air, it will resemble a flying saucer.

Canadian Flying Saucer

Originally designed as a fighter-like aircraft capable of very high speeds and altitudes, this project was delayed several times over time and eventually abandoned by the US Air Force. This development was evaluated by the US Army for the requirements of a tactical combat aircraft, a type of high performance helicopter.

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During flight tests, the Avrocar proved to have unresolved thrust and stability problems that degraded low-speed flight performance; this project was subsequently canceled in September 1961.

This project has been called by several different names throughout the project's history. Avro is calling the venture Project Y, with separate cars known as Spade and Omega. The Y-2 project was later funded by the US Air Force for the WS-606A, Project 1794, and Project Silver Bug. When the US Army joined the effort, it received the final name "Avrocar" and the designation "VZ-9", part of the VZ series US Army VTOL project.

The Avrocar was the culmination of the blue-sky research projects of designer "Jack" Frost, who had joined Avro Canada in June 1947 after working for various British companies.

He had been with de Havilland since 1942 and had worked on the de Havilland Hornet, the de Havilland Vampire jet fighter and the de Havilland Swallow aircraft, where he was the chief designer of the supersonic research project.

Flying Saucer Old Fashion Hamburger And French Fry Restaurant. Niagara Falls Ontario Canada Stock Photo

At Avro Canada, he worked on the Avro CF-100 before forming a research team known as the Special Projects Group (SPG). Frost first surrounded himself with a collection of like-minded "maverick" winemakers who were trained for the job. First located in the "Pthouse," a derisive nickname for the executive wing of the administration building, SPG later moved to a World War II-era structure across from the company's headquarters in the Schaeffer Building, secured by security guards. locked. doors and special access cards. At times SPG also operated out of the Experimtal Hangar, where it shared space with other esoteric Avro project teams.

At the time, Frost was particularly interested in the design of jet winches and how to improve the efficiency of compressors without sacrificing the simplicity of a turbine winch. He found Frank Wheatley's "backflow" design too complex and wondered how to clean up the layout. This led him to design a new type of wine arrangement, with a firebox located directly outside the outer edge of the jump compressor, pointing outwards like spokes on a wheel. The compressor's power is taken from a new type of turbine that looks like a centrifugal fan, as opposed to the rotating wheel design typical of conventional linears. a turbine that drove the compressor via a gear instead of a shaft. The wine produced was made in the form of a large disc, which he called "pancake gin".

The propulsive jet exited the rim of the engine tires and presented the challenge of adapting the design to a conventional aircraft.

The model of Project Y in Experimtal Flight Hangar c. 1954. Near-edge shrouded nozzles direct thrust jet rearward. The cabin is only visible in front of the top of the spine.

Flying Saucer Skirt Knob

At the same time, the aircraft industry as a whole became more interested in VTOL aircraft. All future European wars are expected to start with a nuclear exchange that will destroy most air bases, so aircraft will have to operate from limited air bases, roads or unprepared fields. Considerable research effort has been devoted to various solutions to ensure the possibility of a second attack. Some of these solutions include rocket-powered aircraft such as the zero-length launch concept, while many companies are beginning to work on VTOL aircraft as a more appropriate long-range solution.

Frost believes the high performance of its new wine will be a natural fit for a VTOL aircraft due to its expected high power-to-weight ratio. The problem is how to use ring thrust to propel the aircraft forward, as well as fitting the very large line into a suitable airframe. Frost suggested using a series of channels and vts to deflect the propellant flowing from the front of the engine to the rear. To keep the tube as short as possible, the carryover design is pushed out along the contour of what is essentially a thick delta wing. Since the gin is disc-shaped, this triangular delta shape is pushed out near the front where it meets the disc of the wine, much like a spade in a playing card.

The gin is disc shaped and the receiver is placed in the middle, which means the gin fan should be located near the center of the arm. In the Ace design, it is located just forward of the point at the top and bottom of the plane. The cabin is located on the main bearing behind the inlets. A "spine" above and below runs from the cockpit area to the rear edge of the aircraft. Several other variations of the basic layout were also explored, including the Omega, which is more disc-like because it also cuts off the back of the delta wing.

For VTOL operation, the aircraft is expected to sit up, supported by long landing legs that extend beyond the keel. The landing will be made at a very high angle, making visibility very difficult during the approach. A number of other VTOL experimenters have tried various solutions to this problem, including pilot seats and rotating pilot seats, but none have been very effective. Another problem with various VTOL experiments is that stability while hovering is difficult to control, although it is not that unpredictable. A solution to this problem would require thrust to be directed downward from a larger area than in a helicopter where lift is provided by the tire area of ​​the rotor disk.

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Most designers have taken the air out of the wine compressor and channeled it through ducts arranged around the plane. Frost's wine design uses a large number of sockets, so such an arrangement would not be easy to construct.

In 1952, the design progressed as the Canadian Defense Research Council funded the effort with a $400,000 contract. In 1953, the wooden model of Project Y was completed, of which only the image remained. Apparently, the project was considered too expensive by the Army, which was involved in several outstanding air defense projects at the time. On February 11, 1953, a story about this project was leaked to the Toronto Star along with pictures of Omega's design, apparently in an attempt to gain further funding.

Five days later, the Secretary of Defense Production presented to the House of Representatives that Avro had in fact built a "model model" of a flying saucer that could fly at 1,500 miles per hour (2,400 km/h) and climb vertically. However, no further costs are expected.

"Jack" Frost shows Koanda's influence. compressed air flows from the red pipe d and from the top of the metal disk. The Coandă effect causes air to "stick" to the disc from the edge down to flow vertically. This airflow supports the disc in the air.

Avro Canada Vz 9av Avrocar

While Project Y was ongoing, Frost was also interested in the Coandă effect, where a fluid flow would follow a strongly convex shape, something that might not be expected at first glance. Frost feels the effect could be used with his wine design to produce a more practical VTOL aircraft, with exhaust flowing out through the top surface of the aircraft and directed downwards by a flap-like arrangement. This will create lift around the edges of the aircraft's tires, allowing it to land "flat". He produced several small experimental samples, using compressed air instead of wine, to choose a suitable shape for the air frame, and finally decided that a disk was the best solution.

Continuing these experiments, he discovered that the same directional thrust system used for VTOL operations was also used for forward flight. In this case, the shape of the disc is not a good lifting surface because it is neutral in the direction of lift, meaning it will fly sideways as easily as forward. However, by varying the airflow and applying a small amount of jet thrust, the overall airflow over the ship can be dramatically altered to create a sort of "virtual fan" of any desired configuration. For example, directing ev a small amount of jet

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